Myrtle (Myrtus communis): Health Benefits and Medicinal Uses

November 9, 2024

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Dr. Mohammad . A. Soroushzadeh, MD

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Introduction to Myrtle (Myrtus communis)

Myrtle, scientifically known as *Myrtus communis*, is an evergreen shrub native to the Mediterranean region, including Southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. Historically, myrtle has held cultural and symbolic significance across various civilizations, revered as a symbol of love, peace, and beauty in ancient traditions, including Jewish, Greek, and Roman mythologies. Beyond its ornamental and symbolic value, different parts of the myrtle plant, such as its leaves, berries, and essential oil, have been traditionally utilized for their potential health-supporting properties. This article aims to explore the traditional uses and scientifically investigated benefits of myrtle, while emphasizing the importance of responsible use and professional medical advice.

Phytochemical Profile: The Active Compounds in Myrtle

The therapeutic properties attributed to myrtle are largely due to its rich composition of bioactive compounds. Myrtle essential oil, primarily extracted from its leaves, commonly contains 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), alpha-pinene, myrtenyl acetate, and limonene as main components. Other compounds found in myrtle extracts and essential oils include flavonoids (such as myricetin, quercetin, and catechin), tannins, polyphenols, and organic acids. These constituents contribute to myrtle’s observed biological activities, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects.

Potential Health Benefits of Myrtle

Myrtle has been the subject of traditional use and modern research concerning a variety of health applications.

Respiratory Support

Myrtle essential oil is recognized for its potential benefits in supporting respiratory health. Its expectorant properties, largely due to the compound cineole (eucalyptol), may help thin mucus and promote its expulsion, aiding in relief from congestion and coughs. It has been traditionally used to help alleviate symptoms of respiratory issues like colds, chest infections, chronic bronchitis, and sinusitis. Myrtol, a component of *Myrtus communis* essential oil, has shown clinical effectiveness in managing nasal symptoms of respiratory infections by promoting mucociliary clearance. Its gentle nature also makes it considered suitable, when diluted appropriately, for supporting respiratory comfort in young children and the elderly who experience nighttime coughs and breathing difficulties.

Antioxidant Properties

Myrtle, particularly its essential oils and extracts, exhibits antioxidant activity. This property is important for helping to protect the body’s cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are implicated in various chronic conditions and aging processes. Studies have indicated that myrtle’s antioxidant capacity may contribute to protecting against harmful substances, including heavy metals and environmental toxins.

Antimicrobial and Antifungal Effects

Research indicates that myrtle essential oil possesses antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of various bacteria, including *Escherichia coli*, *Staphylococcus aureus*, and *Listeria species*. This antimicrobial action supports its traditional use as an antiseptic and disinfectant, including for wound cleaning.

Skin Health

Myrtle has a history of use in skincare, with its leaves and flowers being key ingredients in historical skin lotions. Its essential oil, diluted and applied topically, may assist in managing acne due to its astringent and antiseptic properties, helping to control excess oil and remove dead skin cells. Preliminary clinical research suggests that topical application of myrtle leaf extract may reduce sebum levels and improve acne severity in adults and adolescents with mild to moderate acne.

Anti-inflammatory Potential

Laboratory studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activities of myrtle essential oils and extracts. These properties may contribute to reducing inflammation and associated discomfort in various conditions. Traditional uses have included addressing inflammation, and some research suggests its potential in alleviating gastrointestinal inflammation.

Other Traditional Uses and Emerging Research

Historically, myrtle has been used for various other ailments, including digestive problems like diarrhea and gastric ulcers, as well as for urinary tract health. Some animal studies suggest potential anti-diabetic effects, helping to regulate blood sugar levels. While these traditional applications are noted, further scientific investigation, particularly human clinical trials, is often needed to fully substantiate these uses.

Important Safety Considerations and Precautions

While myrtle offers various potential benefits, it is crucial to approach its use with caution and awareness of safety guidelines. * **Undiluted Myrtle Leaf Oil is Likely Unsafe**: Directly consuming undiluted myrtle leaf oil is considered likely unsafe due to a chemical that can cause severe breathing problems and other adverse effects. * **Children and Pregnant/Breastfeeding Women**: Myrtle essential oil is considered unsafe for children, as even slight facial contact can lead to breathing issues and pose serious risks to infants and small children. It is also advised that pregnant and breastfeeding women avoid taking myrtle by mouth. * **Topical Application**: When applied to the skin, diluted myrtle leaf extract is possibly safe, though side effects like skin irritation and dryness may occur. Always dilute essential oils with a carrier oil before topical application. * **Professional Medical Advice**: The information presented here is for educational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice. Before incorporating myrtle or any herbal remedy into your health regimen, especially for existing health conditions or if you are taking medications, it is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional. They can provide personalized guidance, assess potential interactions, and determine appropriate and safe usage.

Conclusion

Myrtle (*Myrtus communis*) is a plant deeply rooted in history and tradition, valued for its aromatic qualities and diverse applications. Modern research is beginning to explore and, in some areas, provide scientific backing for its traditional uses, particularly highlighting its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and respiratory-supporting properties. However, as with any natural remedy, responsible use and adherence to safety precautions are paramount. Always prioritize consultation with a healthcare professional to ensure that any use of myrtle is appropriate and safe for your individual health needs.

References

Medical Disclaimer

The information provided in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

November 9, 2024

0 164 4 minutes read